Depression: Inpatients

Pim Cuijpers

, Clara Miguel

, Eirini Karyotaki

General Description

The Inpatients dataset is part of the meta-analytic research domain (MARD) on psychotherapy for depression. The dataset contains study information and effect size data of depression psychotherapy trials in inpatients. Metadata and other information on this dataset is provided on this website.

This dataset includes psychotherapy vs. control (psy vs ctr) and psychotherapy vs. psychotherapy comparisons (psy vs psy; this information is included in the comparison column). It also includes multiple outcome calculation types within studies (e.g. means and SD and remission).

The dataset follows the Metapsy data standard. All included information has been independently extracted two researchers. Risk of bias ratings were conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool (Version 1).

Affiliated Institutions

Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Technical University Munich

Online Meta-Analysis Tool

A simplified version of this database can be analyzed at metapsy.org/database/depression-inpatients.

Metadata

metapsyData Shorthand: depression-inpatients
Number of Studies: 34
Latest Version: 22.2.1
Last updated: July 29, 2022
Last search: January 1, 2022
Search String (Latest Version): ↗
Data Repository (Latest Version): ↗
Preregistration (Research Domain): ↗
License: ODC-By v1.0 ↗
Database DOI:

Version 22.2.1 (July 28, 2022):
Version 22.2.0 (July 22, 2022):
Version 22.1.0 (July 22, 2022):
Version 22.0.1 (July 22, 2022):

Variable Description

Variable	Description
`study`	Author and year of publication
`condition_arm1`	Type of treatment (cbt= cognitive behaviour therapy, bat= behavioural activation, pst= problem solving therapy, ipt= interpersonal psychotherapy, dyn= psychodynamic therapy, lrt= life review therapy, other psy= other type of psychotherapy)
`condition_arm2`	Type of comparator (cau= care as usual, wl= waitlist, pha= pharmacological treatment, other ctr= other type of inactive control grou, sup= supportive counseling, other psy= other type of psychotherapy )
`multi_arm1`	In multiarm trials, this variable provides a specification of the type of treatment used in the first arm. This variable is set to NA (missing) when the study was not a multiarm trial. For example, if a multiarm trial employed two types of CBT interventions, face-to-face and Internet-based, this variable would be set to f2f and Internet, respectively.
`multi_arm2`	In multiarm trials, this variable provides a specification of the type of treatment used in the second arm. This variable is set to NA (missing) when the study was not a multiarm trial. For example, if a multiarm trial employed two types of control groups, waitlist and placebo, this variable would be set to wl and plac, respectively. Typically, multiarm trials employ two or more active treatments (e.g. CBT and problem-solving therapy), which are compared to the same control group (e.g. a waitlist). This means that values in multi_arm2 do not differ (e.g. they are always wl for this specific multiarm trial); nevertheless, the variable should be specified in the dataset.
`outcome_type`	This variable encodes the type of outcome that builds the basis of the comparison, e.g. response, remission or deterioration. This is variable is particularly relevant for dichotomous effect size data, because it indicates what the event counts refer to. The msd factor level is typically used for outcomes expressed in means and standard deviations.
`instrument`	This variable describes the instrument through which the relevant outcome was measured.
`time`	The measurement point at which the outcome was obtained (e.g. post or follow-up).
`time_weeks`	The measurement point at which the outcome was obtained, in weeks after randomization (set to NA if this information was not available).
`rating`	This variable encodes if the measured outcome was self-reported ("self-report") or clinician-rated ("clinician").
`mean_arm1`	Mean arm 1
`mean_arm2`	Mean arm 2
`sd_arm1`	Standard deviation arm 1
`sd_arm2`	Standard deviation arm 2
`n_arm1`	Number of participants arm 1
`n_arm2`	Number of participants arm 2
`mean_change_arm1`	Mean change from baseline arm 1
`mean_change_arm2`	Mean change from baseline arm 2
`sd_change_arm1`	Standard deviation for the change from baseline arm 1
`sd_change_arm2`	Standard deviation for the change from baseline arm 2
`n_change_arm1`	Number of participants arm 1 (change scores)
`n_change_arm2`	Number of participants arm 2 (change scores)
`event_arm1`	Number of events (responders, remission, deterioration cases) in the first trial arm
`event_arm2`	Number of events (responders, remission, deterioration cases) in the second trial arm
`totaln_arm1`	Total number of participants arm 1 (event data)
`totaln_arm2`	Total number of participants arm 2 (event data)
`precalc_g`	The pre-calculated value of Hedges' g (small-sample bias corrected standardized mean difference; Hedges, 1981).
`precalc_g_se`	Standard error of g
`precalc_log_rr`	The pre-calculated value of the log-risk ratio logeRR, comparing events in the first arm to events in the second arm.
`precalc_log_rr_se`	The standard error of the log-risk ratio logeRR, comparing events in the first arm to events in the second arm.
`descr_arm1`	Detailed description of the arm 2
`descr_arm2`	Detailed description of the arm 2
`baseline_m_arm1`	Baseline mean arm 1
`baseline_sd_arm1`	Baseline standard deviation arm 1
`baseline_n_arm1`	Number of participants at baseline arm 1
`baseline_m_arm2`	Baseline mean arm 2
`baseline_sd_arm2`	Baseline standard deviation arm 2
`baseline_n_arm2`	Number of participants at baseline arm 2
`dich`	Exact definition of the dichotomous outcome as provided in the publication: e.g."remission based on bdi-II<=8 and ham-d<=7"
`dich_type`	Broader categories of dichotomous outcomes: remission, response, etc.
`year`	Year of publication
`comorbid_mental`	All the participants are recruited based on meeting criteria for a comorbid mental health disorder (e.g. anxiety and depression). Coded as y= yes, n= no
`format`	ind= individual; grp= group; gsh= guided self-help; tel= telephone; cpl= couple therapy; oth= other (mixed formats); ush= unguided self-help
`format_details`	It includes more details about the format, when necessary
`n_sessions_ig`	Average number of sessions received
`country`	us= USA; uk= United Kingdom; eu= Europe; can= Canada; au= australia; eas= east asia; oth= other
`age_group`	adul= adults, 5= older adults (≥55 years); old= older old adults (≥75 years)
`mean_age`	Average age
`percent_women`	% of women at baseline
`recruitment`	com= community; clin= clinical; oth= other
`setting_inpatients`	nursing home, psychiatric settings, other
`diagnosis`	mdd= major depression; mood= mood disorder; cut= cut-off score; sub= subclinical depression;chr= chronic depression
`target_group`	adul= adults, old= older adults, stud= student population, ppd= women with perinatal depression; med= comorbid medical disorder; oth= other
`ac`	Allocation concealment (0= high risk; 1= low risk)
`sg`	Sequence generation (0= high risk; 1= low risk)
`ba`	Blinding of assessors (0= high risk; 1= low risk; sr= self-report)
`itt`	Intention-to-treat analyses (0= high risk; 1= low risk)
`rob`	Overall risk of bias score. ranging from 0 (high risk) to 5 (low risk)
`no.arms`	Number of arms with the same measurement instrument within a study
`is.multiarm`	0= no, 1= yes
`primary`	One primary outcome per study, based on a predefined hierarchy: HAM-D, BDI (I or II), another clinician-rated instrument, another self-report instrument, with priority for: PHQ-9, CES-D, HADS, GDS, EPDS, MMPI
`primary_calc`	One primary calculation type per study based on the following hierarchy: 1) continuous, 2) dichotomous, 3) change from baseline, 4) other reported statistics
`comparison`	Type of comparison: psychotherapy vs control, psychotherapy vs psychotherapy
`.id`	metapsyTools generated variable: Unique identifier for a trial arm comparison/row.
`.g`	metapsyTools generated variable: Calculated effect size (Hedges' g).
`.g_se`	metapsyTools generated variable: Standard error of Hedges' g.
`.log_rr`	metapsyTools generated variable: Calculated effect size (logeRR).
`.log_rr_se`	metapsyTools generated variable: Standard error of logeRR.
`.event_arm1`	metapsyTools generated variable: Number of events (responders, remission, deterioration cases) in the first trial arm.
`.event_arm2`	metapsyTools generated variable: Number of events (responders, remission, deterioration cases) in the second trial arm.
`.totaln_arm1`	metapsyTools generated variable: Total sample size in the first trial arm.
`.totaln_arm2`	metapsyTools generated variable: Total sample size in the second trial arm.

Study References

Bailey, 2017: Bailey, E., Stevens, A., Larocca, M., & Scogin, F. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of a therapeutic intervention for nursing home residents with dementia and depressive symptoms. Journal of applied gerontology, 36(7), 895-908.
Barth, 2005: Barth, J., Paul, J., Härter, M., & Bengel, J. (2005). Inpatient psychotherapeutic treatment for cardiac patients with depression in Germany - short term results. Psycho-social medicine, 2, Doc04-
Berking, 2013: Berking M, Ebert D, Cuijpers P, Hofmann SG. Emotion regulation skills training enhances the efficacy of inpatient cognitive behavioral therapy for major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2013;82(4):234-45.
Bowers, 1990: Bowers WA. Treatment of depressed in-patients. Cognitive therapy plus medication, relaxation plus medication, and medication alone. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1990;156(1):73-8.
Bowers, 1993: Bowers W, Stuart S, Macfarlane R, Gorman L. Use of computer‐administered cognitive‐behavior therapy with depressed inpatients. Depression. 1993;1(6):294-9.
Bowman, 1996: Bowman, V., et al. (1996). "Self-examination therapy as an adjunct treatment for depressive symptoms in substance abusing patients." Addict Behav 21(1): 129-133.
Daughters, 2008: Daughters SB, Braun AR, Sargeant MN, Reynolds EK, Hopko DR, Blanco C, et al. Effectiveness of a brief behavioral treatment for inner-city illicit drug users with elevated depressive symptoms: The life enhancement treatment for substance use (LETS Act!). Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2008;69(1):122-9.
De Jong, 1996: de Jong-Meyer R, Hautzinger M. Results of two multicenter treatment studies among patients with endogenous and nonendogenous depression: Conclusions and prospects. Zeitschrift fuer Linische Psychologie. 1996;25(2):155-60.
Hauksson, 2017: Hauksson, P., Ingibergsdóttir, S., Gunnarsdóttir, T., & Jónsdóttir, I. H. (2017). Effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy for treatment-resistant depression with psychiatric comorbidity: comparison of individual versus group CBT in an interdisciplinary rehabilitation setting. Nord J Psychiatry, 71(6), 465-472.
Hautzinger, 1996: Hautzinger M, De Jong-Meyer R, Treiber R, Rudolf GAE, Thien U. Efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy, pharmacotherapy, and the combination of both in non-melancholic, unipolar depression. Zeitschrift fur Klinische Psychologie. 1996;25(2):130-45.
Hopko, 2003: Hopko DR, Lejuez CW, LePage JP, Hopko SD, McNeil DW. A brief behavioral activation treatment for depression. A randomized pilot trial within an inpatient psychiatric hospital. Behavior modification. 2003;27(4):458-69.
Hsu, 2009: Hsu YC, Wang JJ. Physical, affective, and behavioral effects of group reminiscence on depressed institutionalized elders in Taiwan. Nursing research. 2009;58(4):294-9.
Hyer, 2009: Hyer, L., Yeager, C. A., Hilton, N., & Sacks, A. (2009). Group, individual, and staff therapy: an efficient and effective cognitive behavioral therapy in long-term care. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias®, 23(6), 528-539.
Jahangard, 2012: Jahangard L, Haghighi M, Bajoghli H, Ahmadpanah M, Ghaleiha A, Zarrabian MK, et al. Training emotional intelligence improves both emotional intelligence and depressive symptoms in inpatients with borderline personality disorder and depression. International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice. 2012;16(3):197-204.
Karimi, 2010: Karimi H, Dolatshahee B, Momeni K, Khodabakhshi A, Rezaei M, Kamrani A. Effectiveness of integrative and instrumental reminiscence therapies on depression symptoms reduction in institutionalized older adults: An empirical study. Aging and Mental Health. 2010;14(7):881-7.
Kocur, 2021: Kocur, M., et al. (2021). "Computer-Assisted Avatar-Based Treatment for Dysfunctional Beliefs in Depressive Inpatients: A Pilot Study." Frontiers in Psychiatry 12.
Konnert, 2009: Konnert C, Dobson K, Stelmach L. The prevention of depression in nursing home residents: A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy. Aging and Mental Health. 2009;13(2):288-99.
Lemmens, 2009: Lemmens GM, Eisler I, Buysse A, Heene E, Demyttenaere K. The effects on mood of adjunctive single-family and multi-family group therapy in the treatment of hospitalized patients with major depression. A 15-month follow-up study. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2009;78(2):98-105.
Luo, 2020: Luo H, Lou VWQ, Chen C, Chi I. The Effectiveness of the Positive Mood and Active Life Program on Reducing Depressive Symptoms in Long-Term Care Facilities. Gerontologist. 2020;60(1):193-204.
Meeks, 2008: Meeks S, Looney SW, Haitsma K, Teri L. BE-ACTIV: a staff-assisted behavioral intervention for depression in nursing homes. Gerontologist. 2008;48(1):105-14.
Meeks, 2015: Meeks S, Van Haitsma K, Schoenbachler B, Looney SW. BE-ACTIV for depression in nursing homes: Primary outcomes of a randomized clinical trial. The journals of gerontology Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences. 2015;70(1):13-23.
Miller, 1989: Miller, I. W., et al. (1989). "Cognitive-behavioral treatment of depressed inpatients." Behavior Therapy 20(1): 25-47.
Minelli, 2019: Minelli, A., Zampieri, E., Sacco, C., Bazzanella, R., Mezzetti, N., Tessari, E., . . . Bortolomasi, M. (2019). Clinical efficacy of trauma-focused psychotherapies in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in-patients: A randomized, controlled pilot-study. Psychiatry research, 273, 567-574. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.070
Myhre, 2018: Myhre MØ, Strømgren B, Arnesen EF, Veland MC. The feasibility of brief behavioural activation treatment for depression in a PICU: A systematic replication. Journal of Psychiatric Intensive Care 2018; 14(1): 15-23.
Rieu, 2011: Rieu J, Bui E, Rouch V, Faure K, Birmes P, Schmitt L. Efficacy of ultrabrief cognitive and behavioural therapy performed by psychiatric residents on depressed inpatients. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2011;80(6):374-6.
Roten, 2017: Roten, Y., Ambresin, G., Herrera, F., Fassassi, S., Fournier, N., Preisig, M., & Despland, J. (2017). Efficacy of an adjunctive brief psychodynamic psychotherapy to usual inpatient treatment of depression: results of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 209, 105-113.
Schaub, 2018: Schaub A, Goldmann U, Mueser TK, et al. Efficacy of extended clinical management, group CBT, and group plus individual CBT for major depression: Results of a two-year follow-up study. J Affect Disord 2018; 238: 570-8.
Schramm, 2007: Schramm E, Calker D, Dykierek P, Lieb K, Kech S, Zobel I, et al. An intensive treatment program of interpersonal psychotherapy plus pharmacotherapy for depressed inpatients: Acute and long-term results. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2007;164(5):768-77.
Snarksi, 2011: Snarski M, Scogin F, DiNapoli E, Presnell A, McAlpine J, Marcinak J. The effects of behavioral activation therapy with inpatient geriatric psychiatry patients. Behavior Therapy. 2011;42(1):100-8.
Sood, 2003: Sood, J. R., Cisek, E., Zimmerman, J., Zaleski, E. H., & Fillmore, H. H. (2003). Treatment of depressive symptoms during short-term rehabilitation: An attempted replication of the DOUR project. Rehabilitation Psychology, 48(1), 44.
Trapp, 2016: Trapp, W., et al. (2016) Cognitive remediation for depressed inpatients: Results of a pilot randomized controlled trial. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 50, 46-55 DOI: 10.1177/0004867415622271
Travers, 2017: Travers, C. (2017). Increasing enjoyable activities to treat depression in nursing home residents with dementia: A pilot study. Dementia (London, England), 16(2), 204-218.
Tsai, 2008: Tsai YF, Wong TK, Tsai HH, Ku YC. Self-worth therapy for depressive symptoms in older nursing home residents. Journal of advanced nursing. 2008;64(5):488-94.
Zhu, 2018: Zhu S, Zhu K, Jiang D, Shi J. Social cognition and interaction training for major depression: A preliminary study. Psychiatry Research 2018; 270: 890-4.

Database Flowchart

Studies in the “depression-inpatients” dataset were extracted from the larger “depression psychotherapy” database. The study flow of this database can be found below.

Companion papers: n=818
Depression is not an inclusion criterion: n=484
Dissertations: n=21
Effect sizes cannot be estimated: n=92
Maintenenance trial: n=138
No control condition: n=68
No psychotherapy for depression: n=291
No random assignment: n=79
Not available: n=67
Other: n=243
Other language: n=22
Protocol paper: n=335
Stepped care/management program: n=48
Studies with chidlren/adolescents: n=69

Further Information

The full protocol of the METAPSY project ↗
Definitions of types of psychotherapies that are included in the Metapsy depression domain ↗
A paper summarizing main results of the Metapsy depression domain ↗
A meta-analysis based on the inpatients database ↗
Published meta-analyses using the database ↗
Published 'individual participant data' meta-analyses, based on the database ↗

Citation

Pim Cuijpers

, Clara Miguel

, Eirini Karyotaki

(2022) . Database of depression psychotherapy trials in inpatient settings. Part of the Metapsy project (Version 22.2.1 ). URL docs.metapsy.org/databases/depression-inpatients. DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6881064 .